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postheadericon R.I. school program for students with special needs to expand

 

No longer apart

11:54 AM EDT on Sunday, June 20, 2010
By Alisha A. Pina

Journal Staff Writer

David Stevens plays a game on a parachute in gym class at Silver Spring Elementary School. Previously sent to a school in Providence, David is now with his peers in East Providence as part of the partnership with Bradley Hospital.


The Providence Journal / Kathy Borchers

EAST PROVIDENCE — Anxious thoughts haunted David Stevens by the age of 4.

In pre-kindergarten, other students’ tantrums would leave him shaking, crying and screaming. If another child touched him, he thought he was being assaulted. Teachers regularly sent home notes of concern.

Public meltdowns were frequent. His father and mother, David Sr. and Rose, endured sleep-deprived nights and family vacation trips were disrupted by David’s anxieties about loud noises and crowds.

At the Providence Center a year ago, David’s ability to cope with change and crowds and noise improved.

Nonetheless, his parents sent him to the city’s public schools this year as part of a unique new special needs program staffed collaboratively with Bradley Hospital — the country’s oldest hospital for children with mental illness, also in East Providence.

The move ends bus rides that took two hours to go a few miles to the East Side of Providence as it picked up many children with various disabilities on its route. It also lets him go to school with children he sees every day in his neighborhood.

For the city, the shift of 67 students from placements outside the school district to inside its public schools represents a savings of about $10,000 a child.

“I want them back in here and it’s not because of anything financial,” Supt. Mario Cirillo says. “That’s not the driver. These kids are special, special to me.”

In just the first year, Cirillo says, “The obvious success is we are giving [more seriously disabled] kids a program with tremendous supports in the least restricted environment. “They are allowed to take advantage of not only the ancillary benefits of being in a mainstream school setting — the sports, school band, chorus, field trips and assemblies — but even sitting in a cafeteria interacting with the rest of the student population is advantageous for them.”

Several school districts in Rhode Island and Massachusetts are watching the program’s progress to see if the model could work in their community to curb costly bills for out-of-district special education.

State Education Commissioner Deboral A. Gist says, “We support this new Bradley-East Providence partnership insofar as it enables students to receive the services they need in a less restrictive setting, closer to home and with the high likelihood of integration with nondisabled peers for at least part of their school day.”

She said her department had been concerned that the programs might be concentrated in a single East Providence school but is satisfied that the East Providence children are being educated in schools throughout the city.

Bradley already has successful partnerships in Middletown and Newport but these programs are much smaller — one classroom in each community. In East Providence, there are three Bradley classrooms each at Silver Spring Elementary School and both middle schools, Martin and Riverside. They are staffed by 4 district faculty and 30 professionals from Bradley.

The students in those classrooms have behavioral and emotional disabilities — like the anxiety disorder David experiences along with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder — or more severe speech and neurodevelopmental conditions such as autism.

David Stevens Sr. now takes his son in-line skating. The young David also has the confidence and communication skills to ask a kid to play with him in the park. Breathing and other calming techniques make road trips manageable. And he even gave indoor soccer a try, although a kick to the shin “sent him over the edge,” his mother says.

“But he takes it so much better now,” she says. “He’s able to tell you, ‘I’m sweaty’ or ‘I’m getting frustrated’ and he knows how to back off. Before, he used to go in full meltdown and we didn’t know what the problem was … . That’s huge for me. That’s what I always wanted, for him to tell me how he felt.”

Academically, David decodes and sounds out words better. His math skills have improved and reading aloud is more fluent and less staccato, say his mother and his teacher, Natasha Rosa. Rosa says he often earns all possible stars “for respect and achievement,” one of many methods used to motivate students to cooperate and pay attention in class.

He’s eating lunch and attending gym class with the mainstream students at Silver Spring. Teachers plan to put David in art, music and library with his nondisabled peers next year and then gradually integrate him into a core class, such as math or science.

“I knew it was a good thing,” Rose Stevens says, remembering her first impressions of the school after meeting the staff.

Anne Walters, Bradley’s clinical director who oversees the partnership, said, “I definitely get how scary it is [for special needs families to take a chance on the new program], but there are so many advantages. I really don’t see any disadvantages.”

The mainstream students and faculty at the city’s three Bradley sites have also profited, Cirillo and Walters say. The students learn tolerance and acceptance while the teachers learn best practices with Bradley’s professionals.

Construction paper cutouts of feet decorate the walls of the corridor that leads to the Bradley partnership classrooms at Martin. The steps read, “Walking toward being a star.”

Karen Cammuso, Bradley’s assistant clinical director in charge of the Martin site, said a partnership goal is to make every moment — even the mundane walk through a hallway — a chance to educate, celebrate and encourage kids to grow.

Martin houses the partnership’s largest site, an entire wing that used to be the school’s home economics area. Seventeen students with autism and other neurodevelopment diagnoses are educated here with an average student-to-teacher ratio of 2-to-1.

Issiah Lopes and Tony Sousa share one classroom and two Bradley teachers, Emily King and Tricia Flori. Issiah, 10, has a severe communication disorder and uses sign language and pictures to state his feelings. Tony, a seventh grader, has autism and doesn’t speak. Each has his own station “so they can become more independent,” Cammuso said.

The classroom is full of things you don’t usually see in a mainstream classroom: a quiet corner with a picture of a person ssshhhing and a medicine ball to soothe students when they feel overwhelmed. Visual aids, which autistic kids use to communicate, dominate the room. Hundreds of images indicate activities, feelings, wants, time, clothing, social behavior and daily tasks.

The staff and families have together set social and academic goals. Improving life skills — mastering bathroom routines, tying shoes and zipping up pants without help — is a must. The students are also taught to respect other students’ personal space.

Although academic successes are harder to see, King says Issiah is using words more, enunciating his limited vocabulary clearly and writing in a journal each day.

Tony could only write his first name when he started at the partnership. He now can write his first and last name as well as his phone number on poster board paper. Because he has limited verbal ability, the goal is for Tony to be able to write his name, phone number and address on letter-sized paper if he should get lost in the community.

“Those progressions that we take for granted don’t come as naturally with autism spectrum students,” Cammuso said.

The staff also created ways to immerse the two partnership students with Martin’s nearly 800-student population and the outside world.

Mainstream students volunteer to come to the self-contained classrooms twice a week. They play games and complete community service projects together. Sometimes, they just Hula-Hoop.

One day last month, Issiah and Tony waited as patiently as they could for such a visit. Issiah helped with their mid-afternoon activity: Making bird feeders. He set the table with fruit and nut bird feed, honey and the pine cones that he and Tony collected outside early that morning.

When Shelby Grilo, Jessica Bartlett and Robbin Teixeira arrived, Tony began to rock back and forth — a signal that he’s “enjoying himself,” Flori said — and Issiah smiled, showing all his teeth.

“Everyone grab a pine cone,” King instructed. Jessica took two, one for Tony and another for herself.

Jessica, 14, helped Tony wipe off the extra honey and signed “all done.” The eighth grader learned sign language more than a year ago because her grandmother is deaf.

“I like helping students who don’t go out always,” Jessica said. “… It makes me feel good to help them with new experiences.”

 

Joey Antonio’s father, Gary Antonio, took a leap of faith when he allowed his autistic son to transfer out of Northern Rhode Island Collaborative, in Pawtucket, where he did well, and into Martin.

The 14-year-old interacts easily with new people, but has a terrible time with change from his daily routine. Yet his father was trying to blend families with his fiancée, Lisa Pomfret, whose 12-year-old son, Dylan Perry, attends Martin.

“It’s been tremendous for his socialization,” Pomfret said, “because he’s surrounded by kids he knew” from Orlo Avenue Elementary School, which he attended before school officials decided he needed the resources of an out-of-district school.

Joey is thriving at the city middle school. He reads newspaper circulars. He is able to talk about what he wants and recognizes personal space. His doctor reduced his medication and “flare ups” are fewer. He is also getting better with grooming and personal hygiene.

He integrated first with the cafeteria, then field trips and assemblies. At a schoolwide celebration of pi early in the year, the long mathematical value that is the ratio of a circle’s circumference to its diameter, Joey demonstrated his impressive ability to remember even the smallest detail. He got on stage and rattled off more than 100 digits from memory. Other unique talents include telling people the day of the week they were born if they tell him their birth date and zip codes if they state their address.

He also began attending Pam Riel’s seventh grade social studies class — 20 minutes at first, but now the entire 45 minutes. King, the Bradley teacher and behavior specialist, comes with him.

Joey’s desk looks like all the other student desks, but has rubber bands around its legs so Joey can bounce his legs and reduce stress rather than get up and disrupt the class.

As Riel’s class reviewed war-torn Afghanistan, Joey shouted out sentences when it was his time to read aloud. He didn’t struggle over the words, but didn’t pause at the end of sentences.

Not one student flinched or laughed as Joey read four paragraphs. Then student Kassidy Maciel, whom Joey first met at Orlo, worked with him on an assignment.

He recently was named the most improved student in Riel’s class and was rewarded with a trip to a Pawsox game.

“I’m very proud of him,” says his father.

Said Pomfret, his fiancée, “It is a phenomenal program … . And what’s nice is when you have that special needs child, you always have that fear of if they’re going to be OK. We don’t have that fear with him there. We know he’s going to be OK.”

BY THE NUMBERSThe Bradley Partnership in East Providence Schools

184 -- Students placed out-of district in 2008-2009 school year

150 -- Students placed out-of-district during current year, as of March

67 -- Number of students brought back to city schools

$54,000 -- Average educational cost per student out-of-district

$42,000 -- Average cost for Bradley Partnership students

$13,166 -- Average per-pupil cost in city public schools (Not including Bradley Partnership students)

Last Updated (Sunday, 27 June 2010 14:30)

 

postheadericon D.C. proposes new special-education rules for private schools

New regs for private special ed schools

District officials proposed new rules Friday to more tightly regulate the quality and cost of private schools where special education students are sent at public expense.

A 2006 law passed by the D.C. Council authorized more rigorous oversight, but only now is the District getting around to establishing specific regulations to put the measure on its feet. The rules, published Friday in the D.C. Register, will require the schools to obtain a "Certificate of Approval" (COA) from the Office of the State Superintendent of Education confirming that they comply with health and safety standards and are following each student's Individual Education Plan (IEP) -- the official document setting out the help that a child needs. It will also, for the first time, place limits on what the District will pay to private educators.

About 2,700 disabled District students attend private schools, at a projected cost this year of $283 million in tuition and transportation. Parents pursue private schools as an option for their children under federal law when it is determined that the District system can't meet their needs. There are about 90 day schools in the Washington area and an additional 119 residential facilities as far away as Colorado where District children have been placed.

The schools were issued COAs after the law was passed. But until recently, there has been little to no District monitoring. Teams from OSSE have now visited most of the schools and will begin to issue updated COAs after the regs go into effect. Tameria Lewis, assistant state superintendent for special education, said that while deficiencies have been identified in some schools, so far only one -- SunRise Academy in Northwest D.C. -- has had its certificate pulled.

The costs vary widely, depending on the school and the needs of the child. Day schools run anywhere from $23,000 to $81,000 a year. Residential facilities can exceed the $250,000 mark. The District wants to lower its special education costs, both by more tightly regulating fees and by returning to the public school system children it believes would benefit from a less restrictive environment.

Lewis said there was often no rhyme or reason to the tuition rates. In some instances, she said, it was because "somebody made a deal with somebody a long time ago." The proposed regulations call for the District to pay a base rate tied to the existing uniform per-student funding level for special education students plus an allowance for indirect costs, or $38,730 for a 180-day school year. Schools would be able to charge additional fees for "related services" such as psychological counseling or speech therapy. Tuition at residential schools would be based on the same formula or on rates set by states where the schools are located -- whichever is less.

Lewis said she expects about half of the private schools to come out ahead financially and half to lose money.Schools would be able to appeal the rates to a "reconsideration panel" at OSSE.

The proposals will remain open for a 45-day public comment period. Officials hope to have them in place early in the upcoming school year.

Last Updated (Sunday, 27 June 2010 14:25)

 

postheadericon ADHD drugs don't affect children's growth, study finds

ADHD drugs have no long-term growth effects: study

NEW YORK
Fri Jun 18, 2010 3:24pm EDT

NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Neither attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) nor medications used to treat it have a long-term impact on kids' growth, a new study published online in The Journal of Pediatrics suggests.

 

Previous studies have shown that medication may make kids with ADHD eat less and grow slower than their peers without the condition - at least at first. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, almost 10 percent of boys and 6 percent of girls have been diagnosed with ADHD.

"There have been concerns in the literature about the use of ADHD medications and their effect on growth," Dr. Stephen Faraone, a psychiatrist at Upstate Medical University in Syracuse, New York, and one of the study's authors, told Reuters Health. "We found that that (growth) delay tends to be most prominent in the first year or so, and tends to attenuate over time."

Dr. Faraone and his colleagues measured and weighed 261 kids with and without ADHD that they had been following for at least ten years. Most of the kids with ADHD had spent at least some of that time on stimulants, such as Ritalin and Adderall.

At the end of the study, there was no difference in the height or weight of the kids - now mostly adults - who had ADHD and those that didn't. There was also no relationship between their height and weight and how long they had been on medication, if at all.

Stimulant drugs are the most popular treatment for ADHD and are FDA approved for this purpose. The FDA has also approved non-stimulant drugs, which are not thought to affect growth. In addition to or instead of taking medications, many kids with ADHD get behavioral therapy and special help in the classroom.

Stimulants have been shown to delay growth when kids take them for a long time. The medications make some kids less hungry and might affect bone growth or the release of certain hormones that influence height. But this study supports growing evidence that those effects might balance out over the long term.

"I think that's the general opinion, that there is maybe a temporary effect when you start treatment and then it goes away," Dr. James Swanson, director of the Child Development Center at the University of California, Irvine, told Reuters Health. "That's what this study essentially supports."

All of the study's authors have relationships with drug companies, some of which make stimulants. The lead author, Harvard University's Dr. Joseph Biederman, was once called out by Iowa Senator Charles E. Grassley for the consulting fees he has received from such drug makers. The current study was funded by the government, a philanthropic fund, and the Eli Lilly and Company Foundation.

Swanson, who was not involved in the research, said that any long-term follow-up study like this one will lose some of its original subjects along the way, which could affect the results. The authors also point out that they couldn't weigh and measure all the kids before they started taking medication, and they didn't always know what dose of those medications kids were on.

Still, Swanson said, the study is interesting because it raises these questions, which can be addressed with further research. And to follow these kids for ten years, he said, was a substantial and significant effort.

Last Updated (Sunday, 27 June 2010 14:05)

 

postheadericon Legislators question key aspects of Obama's education reform

Education Initiatives Hit Political Head Winds

Lawmakers voice qualms about signature elements of Obama team's program.


Two of the Obama administration’s signature initiatives—the economic-stimulus program’s Race to the Top competition and a massive expansion of federal School Improvement Grants—are running into some resistance on Capitol Hill.

Key lawmakers charged with crafting a renewal of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act continue to argue that the four models offered in regulations for the $3.5 billion School Improvement Grants are inflexible, unproven, and unrealistic, particularly for rural schools.

Lawmakers also have qualms about a separate proposal from the administration to extend the $4 billion Race to the Top competition for another year, citing questions about the scoring process and the desire by some to steer as much funding as possible to formula-driven programs rather than competitive grants.

At the least, such criticism could jeopardize the administration’s bid to extend the Race to the Top program through the regular budget process for an additional year, analysts say. Worse, some observers say it might be a signal that congressional support for the administration’s K-12 agenda is becoming increasingly precarious.

U.S. Secretary of Education Arne Duncan “has had his day in the sense that the last year and a half he’s had unparalleled freedom, and I don’t think it’s going to last,” said Jack Jennings, the president of the Center on Education Policy, a research and advocacy organization in Washington. He also served for nearly three decades as an aide to Democrats on the House education committee.

“We understand that a lot of the elements of our agenda push people outside their comfort zones,” said Peter Cunningham, a spokesman for the U.S. Department of Education. “We’re trying to be very responsive to all these concerns while at the same time remaining committed to the goal” of giving all children a chance to succeed. “We hope that everyone will have the patience to allow the reform agenda to work,” he said.

No other education secretary has been handed such vast sums of money, with so few restrictions from Congress. Under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, which passed last year, Mr. Duncan was given authority over nearly $100 billion in education aid. And he was given leeway to design two new competitive programs: Race to the Top and what became the $650 million Investing in Innovation grants.

But other analysts say some lawmakers’ skepticism may shift as they see the positive impact these policies have on schools in their districts.

“I see [congressional skepticism] as growing pains,” said Charles Barone, the director of federal legislation for Democrats for Education Reform, a New York City-based political action committee that supports candidates who favor policies such as expanding charter schools. “I think there are things happening that people don’t want to see happen,” such as putting in place new, outcome-based evaluation systems for teachers.

And Mr. Barone, who is also a former aide to Democrats on the House education committee, noted that most of the $4 billion in Race to the Top money has yet to be awarded.

Budget Outlook

The next major test of the Obama agenda will come when the House and Senate appropriations committees consider the fiscal 2011 spending bills for the Education Department. Those measures will determine the fate—at least for this year—of major administration priorities, including Mr. Obama’s request for $1.35 billion to extend the Race to the Top program.

The administration is also seeking a $345 million boost for the School Improvement Grants, which would bring the program to $900 million in fiscal 2011. The program was first authorized under the No Child Left Behind Act of 2002 but received an unprecedented, $3 billion infusion under the recovery act.

Some lawmakers the administration is trying to court in its push to reauthorize the ESEA have questioned whether the four school improvement models put forth in Education Department regulations are sufficiently grounded in research and offer a realistic array of options for perennially struggling schools—particularly in rural areas.

Under the regulations, officials can close a perennially struggling school and send students to higher-achieving schools; turn it around by replacing the principal and most of the staff; or “restart” the school by turning it over to a charter- or education-management organization. Under the fourth option, a school could implement a mandatory basket of strategies labeled “transformation,” including extending learning time and revamping instructional programs.

“These four choices are interesting, but they’ve got to be fleshed out here,” said Rep. George Miller, D-Calif., the chairman of the House Education and Labor Committee at a hearing on the topic last month. “There’s a portfolio of things you need to bring to this problem.”

Rep. Miller questioned one of the prominent strategies outlined in the menu of turnaround options: getting rid of many of the teachers. He said that, in many cases, educators at struggling schools have the potential to be effective but just aren’t given sufficient support and assistance.

Key Player

Rep. Miller’s critique of the administration’s turnaround strategy is especially significant because it is difficult for critics to accuse him of pandering to the teachers’ unions, who also have concerns about the models, particularly the emphasis on removing staff.

The education committee chairman has bucked the unions on a range of issues, including merit pay and the need to link student data with teacher effectiveness.

On the Senate side, Sen. Michael B. Enzi, the top Republican on the Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee, has also expressed concern about the turnaround models. He said during a hearing this spring that the four models don’t include a good option for rural schools and rely on research that is “at best, sketchy.”

Mr. Cunningham said that there is plenty of evidence that turnarounds don’t work if they are done in “half-steps.” He said that schools need to employ the full range of strategies outlined in the regulations in a comprehensive way, including extending learning time and revamping the curriculum, to see a real change in school culture and student outcomes.

Race to Top Scoring

The Race to the Top competition, which the administration has sought to codify in its blueprint for reauthorization of the ESEA, has also attracted opposition, particularly from lawmakers on the committees that craft the spending bills for the Education Department.

Rep. David R. Obey, D-Wis., the chairman of the House Appropriations Committee, said at a hearing earlier this spring that, given the state of the economy, he’d rather see the money put into formula grants, such as Title I and special education, than Race to the Top.

Sen. Mary Landrieu, D-La., whose state was considered a front-runner for the first round of Race to the Top, but didn’t win a grant, railed against the program’s emphasis on gaining cooperation from districts and teachers’ unions. She said that could force states to “water down” their applications.

Sen. Richard C. Shelby, R-Ala., also questioned whether there is enough emphasis in the scoring system on states’ efforts to bolster science, mathematics, engineering, and technology. Sen. Tom Harkin, D-Iowa, the chairman of the subcommittee that oversees K-12 spending, said he agreed and would look into the matter.

But Justin Hamilton, a spokesman for the Education Department, said officials are pleased with the results of the competition so far. He noted that 35 states and the District of Columbia applied for the second phase of the competition. And he said that 47 states have changed their laws or policies to better compete in a way that will ultimately benefit students.

Last Updated (Sunday, 27 June 2010 00:34)

 

postheadericon Technology helps Disney improve accessibility for people with disabilities

Disney deploys more technology to assist the disabled

By Mark Albright, Times Staff Writer
In Print: Wednesday, June 23, 2010


A new handheld device from Disney allows blind and deaf visitors to Walt Disney World to experience the attractions alongside their friends and families
A new handheld device from Disney allows blind and deaf visitors  to Walt Disney World to experience the attractions alongside their  friends and families
[Disney photo]

LAKE BUENA VISTA — With some technological aid, the blind now can ride Toy Story Midway Mania, listening to a narrator describe the action others see in the raucous animated Walt Disney World shoot-em-up.

"We're using technology to make the experience more inclusive," said Greg Hale, worldwide vice president of safety and accessibility for Disney World Parks and Resorts. "People come here in groups, so we don't want someone feeling they must sit outside while others have fun."

Disney spent the last year installing wireless headsets for the blind or deaf in 50 of the 100 rides, attractions and shows in all four of its four Florida parks. This summer Disney followed up by adding recorded narratives describing the immediate surroundings in every outdoor section of each park, including restaurant offerings, restrooms and visual features of the architecture.

It's part of a less-mentioned chapter in the legacy of Walt Disney and his brother Roy who built Epcot to be fully compliant with the American with Disabilities Act 12 years before it was law. Walt Disney Co. developed several patented aids for the disabled in its parks, including coaster seating, and helped write many of the benchmark requirements. Next month the company is getting a new product award for its wireless assistive technology from the National Society of Professional Engineers.

The company also knows it's smart business as marketers begin calling the disabled "the third minority" behind African Americans and Hispanics. About 19 percent of the population, or about 51 million people, is disabled in some way, according to the U.S. Census Bureau. Half are younger than 65, and 46 percent are working.

Disney, which specializes in family vacations, knows the disabled seldom travel alone. Hence, Disney water parks stock free aquatic wheelchairs. The golf courses feature tricked-out golf carts with a pivoting seat suitable for those who use wheelchairs to swing a club. Closed captioning or amplified audio has long been available in most attractions.

"We do story telling so we look for ways to enhance it," said Hale, recalling a blind Epcot patron thanking him because "for the first time she found out Figment is a purple dinosaur."

Disney's new wireless system, which replaced clunky pre-recorded cassette tapes that had to be rewound, integrates multiple aids for the disabled into one handheld device about the size and weight of a wallet.

The device picks up signals from strategically deployed GPS, radio and infrared transmitters all over the parks.

Sounds simple. But it took a year to program the software, deploy the hardware out of sight and hire a Boston broadcasting company to write and record thousands of descriptions that can be easily understood by the blind.

"Technology like this is just huge," said Dan Mann, chief executive of Lighthouse of Pinellas, which provides services to the blind and sight-impaired.

Disney officials declined to say how many of the more than 100,000 who visit Disney World every day are disabled. That's because not all the disabled drop by guest relations to check out the free (with a $25 deposit) devices.

"But it's well into the thousands every day," said Hale.

Last Updated (Saturday, 26 June 2010 22:09)

 
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